Back Wladimir-Soezdal Afrikaans فلاديمير سوزدال Arabic Principáu de Vladímir-Súzdal AST Böyük Vladimir knyazlığı Azerbaijani بؤیوک ولادیمیر دوکلیغی AZB Бөйөк Владимир кенәзлеге Bashkir Вялікае княства Уладзімірскае Byelorussian Владимирско-Суздалско княжество Bulgarian Principat de Vladímir-Súzdal Catalan Vladimirsko-suzdalské knížectví Czech
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Grand Principality of Vladimir Великое княжество Владимирское | |||||||||
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| 1125–1389 | |||||||||
 Seal of Alexander Nevsky
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.png) Vladimir-Suzdal in 1237 | |||||||||
| Capital | Suzdal (1125–1157) Vladimir (1157–1389) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Russian | ||||||||
| Religion | Russian Orthodoxy | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Grand Prince | |||||||||
• 1125–1157 (first) | Yuri Dolgoruky | ||||||||
• 1363–1389 (last) | Dmitry Donskoy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1125 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1389 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Russia | ||||||||
| History of Russia |
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 Russia portal |
The Principality of Suzdal,[a] from 1157 the Grand Principality of Vladimir,[b][1] commonly known as Vladimir-Suzdal,[c] or simply Suzdalia,[2] was a medieval principality that was established during the disintegration of Kievan Rus'. In historiography, the territory of the grand principality and the principalities that emerged from it is commonly denoted as northeast Russia or northeast Rus'.[d][3]
Yury Dolgoruky (r. 1125–1157) moved his capital from Rostov to Suzdal in 1125, following the death of his father.[4] He ruled a principality that had become virtually independent.[5] His son Andrey (r. 1157–1175) moved the capital to Vladimir and had Kiev sacked in 1169, leading to political power shifting to the north-east.[6] Andrey's younger brother Vsevolod III (r. 1176–1212) secured control of the throne, and following his death, a dynastic conflict ensued. Yury II (r. 1212–1216, 1218–1238) was killed during the Mongol invasions of 1237–1238.[7] His younger brother Yaroslav II (r. 1238–1246) and the other princes submitted to Mongol rule.[8]
By the end of the 13th century, the grand principality had fragmented into over a dozen appanages.[9] Moscow and Tver emerged as the two leading principalities, leading to a struggle between them for possession of the grand princely throne.[10] From 1331, the prince of Moscow was also the grand prince of Vladimir, except for one brief interruption from 1359 to 1363, when the throne was held by Nizhny Novgorod during the minority of Dmitry Donskoy.[11] In 1389, the grand principality became a family possession of the prince of Moscow and the two thrones were united.[12] The original territory of the grand principality would later serve as the core of the centralized Russian state.[13]
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- ^ Feldbrugge 2017, p. 34, "He is generally referred to as grand prince of Vladimir. According to some sources he adopted this title when he moved his capital to Vladimir in 1157... According to other sources only Andrei's successor and younger brother Vsevolod began to be called grand prince of Vladimir from around 1180. In any case, the momentous geopolitical shift from South to North... initiated already under his father, was carried through decisively during the reign of Andrei Bogoliubskii in Vladimir".
- ^ Fennell 2014b, p. 2, "The agriculturally rich 'land beyond the forests' {Zalesskaya zemlya) or Suzdalia, as it is convenient to call the federation of principalities in north-east Russia ruled by Vsevolod III and his numerous sons...".
- ^ Fennell 2014b, p. 12, "...north-east Russia — the lands of Suzdal' and Vladimir..."; Fennell 2023, p. 11; Dmytryshyn 1977, p. 99, "...northeast Rus was the region of Vladimir-Suzdal..."; Vodoff 2000, p. 1268.
- ^ Feldbrugge 2017, p. 33; Venning 2023, 'Grand Principality' of Vladimir-Suzdal.
- ^ Fennell 2014b, p. 3, "By the time of his death in 1125 Suzdalia was virtually independent of Kiev under its sovereign ruler Yury".
- ^ Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2019, p. 67; Fennell 2014b, p. 6; Channon & Hudson 1995, p. 16.
- ^ Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2019, p. 68; Fennell 2014b, p. 50, "Yury assumed the grand principality once again and installed himself in Vladimir, where he was to remain until his death at the battle on the Sit' river in 1238".
- ^ Fennell 2014b, p. 99.
- ^ Fennell 2014b, p. 163, "By the end of the thirteenth century the disintegration of Suzdalia was well under way with more than a dozen principalities virtually separated from Vladimir, their rulers out of the running for the grand-princely throne...".
- ^ Fennell 2014b, p. 151, "Tver' and Moscow were emerging in the last decade of the thirteenth century as the true centres of power in north-east Russia..."; Fennell 2023, p. 11; Crummey 2014, pp. 34, 36.
- ^ Crummey 2014, p. 45; Crummey 2014, p. 40, "During his reign, Ivan I also established that the princes of Moscow had first claim on the grand princely throne. With the benefit of hindsight, we can see that, after him, his heirs retained the title and office almost without interruption"; Venning 2023, 'Grand Principality' of Vladimir-Suzdal.
- ^ Fennell 2023, p. 306; Fennell 2014a, p. 129, "In his final will drawn up shortly before his death on 19 May 1389... he included a clause bequeathing his 'patrimony the grand principality' to his eldest son Vasily. It meant that the grand principality... was now the inalienable possession of the house of Moscow, universally recognized, both in north-east Russia and in the Horde – indeed, it had been stipulated in treaties with Ol'gerd (1371) and with Mikhail of Tver' (1375)... From now on until the extinction of the House of Moscow in 1598 not only the titles of grand prince of Vladimir and grand prince of Moscow but also the lands of Vladimir and Moscow were legally recognized as the possessions of Dmitry's direct descendants".
- ^ Crummey 2014, pp. 36, 212; Feldbrugge 2017, p. 33; Cherniavsky 2017, p. 403, "Completely within the area conquered by the Tatars or Mongols was northeast Russia, the foundation of the later Muscovite tsardom and of Imperial Russia"; Vodoff 2000, p. 1268, "...cradle of the Russian nation... Only at the dawn of the modern period was the country's unity restored... North-East Russia was thus the core of a vast empire which, having benefited from the Novgorodian contribution, absorbed all the territories reached by Slav colonization as far as the Arctic Ocean".