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Thomas Aquinas OP (/əˈkwaɪnəs/ ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian[6] Dominican friar and priest, the foremost Scholastic thinker,[7] as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition.[8] A Doctor of the Church, he was from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.
Thomas was a proponent of natural theology and the father of a school of thought (encompassing both theology and philosophy) known as Thomism. He argued that God is the source of the light of natural reason and the light of faith.[9] He embraced[10] several ideas put forward by Aristotle and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity.[11] He has been described as "the most influential thinker of the medieval period"[12] and "the greatest of the medieval philosopher-theologians".[13]
Thomas's best-known works are the unfinished Summa Theologica, or Summa Theologiae (1265–1274), the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256–1259) and the Summa contra Gentiles (1259–1265). His commentaries on Christian Scripture and on Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. He is also notable for his Eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy.[14]
As a Doctor of the Church, Thomas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers.[15] He is known in Catholic theology as the Doctor Angelicus ("Angelic Doctor", with the title "doctor" meaning "teacher"), and the Doctor Communis ("Universal Doctor").[a] In 1999 Pope John Paul II added a new title to these traditional ones: Doctor Humanitatis ("Doctor of Humanity/Humaneness").[16]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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catholicsaints.infowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Maritain, Jacques (2005). An Introduction to Philosophy. Translated by Watkin, E. I. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 112. ISBN 9781461667377.
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SEPwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Conway 1911; Vaughan 1871.
- ^ "Thomas Aquinas". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
Thomas Aquinas... was an Italian Dominican theologian, the foremost medieval Scholastic.
- ^ "Thomas Aquinas (1224/6–1274)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
However, it also seems right to say—if only from the sheer influence of his work on countless philosophers and intellectuals in every century since the 13th, as well as on persons in countries as culturally diverse as Argentina, Canada, England, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Spain, and the United States—that, globally, Thomas is one of the 10 most influential philosophers in the Western philosophical tradition.
- ^ "Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on the De Trinitate of Boethius, quest. 2, art. 3". Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
SEP3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Blair, Peter. "Reason and Faith: The Thought of Thomas Aquinas". The Dartmouth Apologia. Archived from the original on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ Wippel, John F. (1995) 2nd ed., "Aquinas, Saint Thomas", The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge University Press. p. 36.
- ^ Broadie, Alexander (1999). "Aquinas, St Thomas", The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, p. 43.
- ^ "St. Thomas Aquinas | Biography, Philosophy, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
- ^ Aquinas, Thomas (1993). Selected Philosophical Writings. Oxford University Press. pp. Xi. ISBN 0-19-283585-8.
- ^ "Inter Munera Academiarum (January 28, 1999) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va.
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