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Semi-proportional representation characterizes multi-winner electoral systems which allow some representation of smaller parties or candidates, but don't reflect the strength of the competing political forces close to proportional to the votes they receive.[1] Semi-proportional voting systems are between proportional systems like party-list proportional representation or single transferable vote and winner-take-all systems.[2][3] Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and parallel voting.
Because there are many measures of proportionality,[4][5] and because there is no objective threshold, opinions may differ on what constitutes a semi-proportional system as opposed to a non-proportional one or a fully proportional system.
- ^ Douglas J. Amy. "Semiproportional voting systems". Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Giovanni Sartori (2005). Parties and Party Systems. A framework for analysis. European Consortium for Political Research. ISBN 9780954796617.
- ^ Douglas J. Amy (2000). Behind the Ballot Box: A Citizen's Guide to Voting Systems. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275965860.
- ^ P. Kestelman (June 2005). "Apportionment and Proportionality: A Measured View" (PDF). Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Barry R. Weingast; Donald A. Wittman (19 October 2006). The Oxford handbook of political economy. Oxford University Press. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-19-927222-8. Retrieved 19 June 2011.