Overview of Germany's handling with science and technology
European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) in Darmstadt near Frankfurt
The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , Halle (Saale) , oldest academy of natural sciences worldwide[ 1]
Science and technology in Germany has a long and illustrious history, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy . Germany has been the home of some of the most prominent researchers in various scientific disciplines, notably physics , mathematics , chemistry and engineering .[ 2] Before World War II , Germany had produced more Nobel laureates in scientific fields than any other nation, and was the preeminent country in the natural sciences .[ 3] [ 4] Germany is currently the nation with the 3rd most Nobel Prize winners , 115 .
The German language , along with English and French , was one of the leading languages of science from the late 19th century until the end of World War II.[ 5] [ 6] After the war, because so many scientific researchers' and teachers' careers had been ended either by Nazi Germany which started a brain drain , the denazification process, the American Operation Paperclip and Soviet Operation Osoaviakhim which exacerbated the brain drain in post-war Germany, or simply losing the war, "Germany, German science, and German as the language of science had all lost their leading position in the scientific community."[ 7]
Today, scientific research in the country is supported by industry, the network of German universities and scientific state-institutions such as the Max Planck Society and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft . The raw output of scientific research from Germany consistently ranks among the world's highest.[ 8] Germany was declared the most innovative country in the world in the 2020 Bloomberg Innovation Index and was ranked 9th in the Global Innovation Index in 2024.[ 9]
^ https://www.leopoldina.org/en/about-us/about-the-leopoldina/about-the-leopoldina
^ "Back to the Future: Germany – A Country of Research" . German Academic Exchange Service . 23 February 2005. Retrieved 8 December 2006 .
^ National Science Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship at the time of the award and by country of birth . From J. Schmidhuber (2010), Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century Archived 27 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine at arXiv:1009.2634v1
^ Swedish academy awards. ScienceNews web edition, Friday, 1 October 2010: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/63944/title/Swedish_academy_awards
^ "Nobel Prize: How English beat German as language of science" . BBC News . 11 October 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2024 .
^ Garcia-Navarro, Lulu (8 January 2017). "How English Came To Be The Dominant Language In Science Publications" . NPR . Retrieved 25 November 2024 .
^ Hammerstein, Notker (2004). "Epilogue: Universities and War in the Twentieth Century" . In Rüegg, Walter (ed.). A History of the University in Europe: Volume Three, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945) . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 637– 672. ISBN 9781139453028 . Retrieved 20 September 2020 .
^ Top 20 Country Rankings in All Fields, 2006 , Thomson Corporation , retrieved 4 January 2007.
^ World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship . Geneva. p. 18. doi :10.34667/tind.50062 . ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2 . Retrieved 22 October 2024 .{{cite book }}
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