Back إصلاح (سياسة) Arabic İslahat Azerbaijani Реформа Bulgarian چاکسازی CKB Reforma Czech Reform Danish Reform German Reform DIQ Reformo Esperanto Reforma Spanish
Reform refers to the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc.[1] The modern usage of the word emerged in the late 18th century and is believed to have originated from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement, which identified "Parliamentary Reform" as its primary aim.[2] Reform is generally regarded as antithetical to revolution.
Developing countries may implement a range of reforms to improve living standards, often with support from international financial institutions and aid agencies. This can involve reforms to macroeconomic policy, the civil service, and public financial management.
In politics, there is debate over what constitutes reform vs. revolution, and whether all changes labeled "reform" actually represent progress.[3] For example, in the United States, proponents of term limits or rotation in office consider it a revolutionary method (advocated as early as the Articles of Confederation) for rooting out government corruption[4] by altering basic political connections between incumbents and constituents.[note 1] Opponents say that congressional term limits can create perverse incentives, and hinder reform, by taking power away from voters and encouraging "revolving door" politics.[5][6]
A government's ability to implement reforms, referred to as its state capacity, is constrained by the prevailing political system.[7]
- ^ "Reform". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
- ^ Innes, Joanna (2003). "'Reform' in English public life: the fortunes of a word". In Burns, Arthur; Innes, Joanna (eds.). Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780–1850. Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–97. ISBN 978-0521823944.
- ^ Gage, Beverly (February 13, 2018). "When 'Reform' Means a Process of Elimination". The New York Times Magazine.
- ^ Gutierrez, Michael; Walter, Andrew (2024). "Term Limits: Overview". EBSCO.
- ^ Burgat, Casey (January 18, 2018). "Five reasons to oppose congressional term limits". Brookings.
- ^ Fowler, Anthony (January 25, 2024). "Term Limits". University of Chicago – Center for Effective Government.
- ^ Lindvall, Johannes (2017). Reform Capacity. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-0198766865.
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