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When the Islamic prophet Muhammad initially spread Islam in his hometown, Mecca, he did not meet with any significant opposition from his tribesmen, the Quraysh. Rather, they were indifferent to his activities, as they did not appear to be particularly interested in devotional meetings. This was the case until Muhammad started attacking their beliefs, which caused tensions to arise.[1][2][3] The Muslims then reportedly received persecution that lasted for twelve years beginning from the advent of Islam to Hijrah.[4]
Abu Talib, the chief leader of Muhammad's Tribe Banu Hashim supported his nephew Muhammad against other tribes. Abu Talib never accepted Islam. Muhammad's Tribe was boycotted in terms of marriage and business until they gave Muhammad to other tribes.[5] The event forced Abu Talib to move the clans to a valley called Shi'b of Abu Talib. The boycott lasted three years and was ended when relatives of the clans intervened due to extreme poverty in the valley.
In the next year when Abu Talib, his uncle who supported him in this ordeal died, Muhammed was left with no protection. The repercussions of the death of Abu Talib were in the political sphere. His successor as chief of the Banu Hashim appears to have been his brother, Abu Lahab. Although Abu Lahab had joined the 'grand alliance' against Hashim during the boycott, he is said at first to have promised to protect Muhammad in the same way as Abu Talib had done. Abu Lahab tortured his nephew Muhammad to give up Islam. Abu Lahab formally refused protection to Muhammad against other tribes on the grounds that Muhammad alleged 'Abd al-Muttalib to be in hell. The loss of security was on the surface a great disaster for Muhammad and for the cause of Islam.[6]
In 622, Muhammad and his few hundred followers left Makkah and travelled to Madinah, knowing that Quraysh were plotting to kill him and his followers.[4][7]
- ^ Buhl & Welch 1993, p. 364.
- ^ "Muhammad | Biography, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-05-27.
- ^ Lewis 2002, p. 35–36.
- ^ a b Mubārakfūrī, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān (2011). The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-makhtum): Biography of the Noble Prophet. Islami Kitab Ghar. ISBN 978-93-81397-13-8.
- ^ The History of Al-Tabari Volume 6 - Muhammed At Mecca. Translated and annotated by W. Montgomery Watt and M.V. McDonald page 105.
- ^ Muhammed at Mecca by W. Montgomery Watt.
- ^ "Hijrah | History, Definition, & Importance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-12-01.