Parts-per notation

Fluorescein aqueous solutions, diluted from 10000 to 1 part per million in intervals of ten-fold dilution. At 10000 ppm the solution is a deep red colour. As the concentration decreases the colour becomes orange, then a vibrant yellow, with the final 1 ppm sample a very pale yellow.

In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe the small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are

  • parts-per-million – ppm, 10−6
  • parts-per-billion – ppb, 10−9
  • parts-per-trillion – ppt, 10−12
  • parts-per-quadrillion – ppq, 10−15

This notation is not part of the International System of Units – SI system and its meaning is ambiguous.


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