Back موري جيلمان Arabic مورى جيلمان ARZ Murray Gell-Mann AST ماری گل-من AZB Мюрэй Гел-Ман Byelorussian Мъри Гел-Ман Bulgarian মারি গেল-ম্যান Bengali/Bangla Murray Gell-Mann Catalan Murray Gell-Mann Czech Murray Gell-Mann Danish
Murray Gell-Mann (/ˈmʌri ˈɡɛl ˈmæn/; September 15, 1929 – May 24, 2019) was a US theoretical physicist who played a preeminent role in the development of the theory of elementary particles. Gell-Mann introduced the concept of quarks as the fundamental building blocks of the strongly interacting particles, and the renormalization group as a foundational element of quantum field theory and statistical mechanics.[3][4][5][6] Murray Gell-Mann received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.[7]
Gell-Mann played key roles in developing the concept of chirality in the theory of the weak interactions and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the strong interactions, which controls the physics of the light mesons. In the 1970s he was a co-inventor of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which explains the confinement of quarks in mesons and baryons and forms a large part of the Standard Model of elementary particles and forces.[8]
- ^ "Professor Murray Gell-Mann ForMemRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g Murray Gell-Mann at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ^ Johnson, George (May 24, 2019). "Murray Gell-Mann, Who Peered at Particles and Saw the Universe, Dies at 89". Obituaries. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- ^ Hill, Christopher T. (2020). "Murray Gell-Mann". Physics Today. 73 (5): 63. Bibcode:2020PhT....73e..63H. doi:10.1063/PT.3.4480.
- ^ "Caltech Mourns the Passing of Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019)". California Institute of Technology. May 24, 2019. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ^ Carroll, Sean (May 28, 2019). "The Physicist Who Made Sense of the Universe - Murray Gell-Mann's discoveries illuminated the most puzzling aspects of nature, and changed science forever". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved July 27, 2025.
- ^ "Gell-Mann Formulates the Theory of Quantum Chromodynamics | EBSCO Research Starters". www.ebsco.com. Retrieved July 27, 2025.