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A middle power is a state that is not a superpower or a great power, but still exerts influence and plays a significant role in international relations. These countries often possess certain capabilities, such as strong economies, advanced technologies, and diplomatic influence, that allow them to have a voice in global affairs. Middle powers are typically seen as bridge-builders between larger powers, using their diplomatic skills to mediate conflicts and promote cooperation on international issues.[1]
Middle powers play a crucial role in the international system by promoting multilateralism, cooperation, and peaceful resolution of conflicts. They are able to leverage their resources and diplomatic skills to advance their national interests while also contributing to global stability and prosperity. As such, middle powers are an important and often overlooked factor in the complex web of international relations.[2]
Much like the notion of "great powers", the concept of "middle powers" dates back to antiquity, with notable examples from ancient China, India, Greece, and Rome. Subsequent illustrations are found in 13th and 14th century Italy, within the Holy Roman Empire, and in a number of medieval and early modern European societies.[3]
In the late 16th century, Italian political thinker Giovanni Botero divided the world into three types of states: grandissime (great powers), mezano (middle powers), and piccioli (small powers). According to Botero, a mezano or middle power "has sufficient strength and authority to stand on its own without the need of help from others."[4]
- ^ Jordaan, Eduard (2003). "The concept of a middle power in international relations: distinguishing between emerging and traditional middle powers". Politikon. 30 (1): 165–181. doi:10.1080/0258934032000147282. ISSN 0258-9346.
- ^ Laurence, Marion (18 October 2023). "Middle Powers". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.783. ISBN 978-0-19-084662-6.
- ^ Abbondanza, Gabriele (2020). "Middle powers and Great powers through history: the concept from ancient times to the present day". History of Political Thought. 41 (3): 397–418.
- ^ Rudd K (2006) Making Australia a force for good, Labor eHerald Archived 27 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine