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| Kuomintang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg) "Kuomintang" in traditional (top) and simplified (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中國國民黨 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中国国民党 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | National Peoples’ Party of China | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Abbreviation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 國民黨 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 国民党 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | National Peoples' Party | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| History of the Republic of China |
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 Taiwan portal |
The Kuomintang (KMT)[I][c] is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the sole ruling party of the mainland Republic of China (1912–1949) before relocating to the Taiwan Area in 1949. The KMT is a centre-right to right-wing party and the largest in the Pan-Blue Coalition, one of the two main political groups in Taiwan. Its primary rival is the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), the largest party in the Pan-Green Coalition. As of 2025, the KMT is the largest single party in the Legislative Yuan and is chaired by Eric Chu.
The party was founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1894 in Honolulu, Hawaii, as the Revive China Society. After the 1911 Revolution overthrew the Qing dynasty, Sun led the Republic of China as president and reformed the party in 1919 in the Shanghai French Concession under its current name. From 1926 to 1928, the KMT under Chiang Kai-shek successfully unified China in the Northern Expedition against regional warlords, leading to the fall of the Beiyang government. After initially allying with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the First United Front, the party under Chiang purged communist members. It was the sole ruling party of China from 1928 to 1949 but gradually lost control while fighting the Empire of Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the CCP in the Chinese Civil War. In December 1949, the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan following its defeat by the communists.
From 1949 to 1987, the KMT ruled Taiwan as an authoritarian one-party state after the February 28 incident. During this period (known as the White Terror), martial law was in effect and civil liberties were curtailed as part of its anti-communism efforts. The party oversaw Taiwan's rapid economic development but experienced diplomatic setbacks, including the loss of the country's seat in the United Nations and loss of international diplomatic recognition to the CCP-led People's Republic of China (PRC) in the 1970s. In the late 1980s, party leader Chiang Ching-kuo lifted martial law and the ban on opposition parties. His successor, Lee Teng-hui, continued democratic reforms and was re-elected in 1996 through the first direct presidential election. The 2000 presidential election ended 72 years of KMT presidencies. The party later reclaimed power with the landslide victory of Ma Ying-jeou in the 2008 presidential election, then lost the presidency and its legislative majority in the 2016 election, but regained a legislative plurality in the 2024 election.
The party's guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, advocated by Sun Yat-sen and organized on a basis of democratic centralism. As the KMT supports the ROC as the only representative of China, it opposes both Chinese unification under the PRC and formal Taiwan independence. As the KMT opposes non-peaceful means to resolve the cross-strait disputes while still strongly adhering to the ROC constitution, the party favors a closer relationship with the PRC and accepts the 1992 Consensus, which defines both sides of the Taiwan Strait as "one China" but maintains its ambiguity to different interpretations. It seeks to maintain Taiwan's status quo rather than formal independence or the unification.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Munir (28 June 2021). "Wishing China's Communist Party a happy birthday". Daily Times (Pakistan). Islamabad, Pakistan. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Taiwan – The World Factbook". Langley, Virginia, U.S.: Central Intelligence Agency. January 2021. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ "Kuomintang Official Website". Kuomintang. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Wakeman, Frederic (2003). "Ideological Rivalries: The Blue Shirts and the "CC" Clique". In Wakeman, Frederic (ed.). Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service. University of California Press. pp. 98–109. doi:10.1525/california/9780520234079.003.0009. ISBN 978-0-520-23407-9. Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ 最大在野黨實力！ 國民黨資產202億、黨員45萬人 (in Chinese). NOWnews. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
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- Evans, David (2 April 2019). "The KMT Paradox: The Anti-Communist Party or the 'One China' Party?". The News Lens International Edition. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- "Taking the KMT back to its roots". Taipei Times. 18 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- "【The Silent War】Taiwan's Kuomintang at a Crossroads: Should the Nationalist Rethink Its China-leaning Posture? - 報導者 The Reporter". www.twreporter.org (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- "To win back Taiwan, KMT must return to its anti-communist roots". South China Morning Post. 22 June 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- "國民黨從反共到親共的政治演變". Yahoo News (in Chinese). 10 March 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
- ^
- "New face for KMT in Taiwan". The Australian. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
The problems for the centre-right KMT in retaining the presidency over the centre-left DPP...
- Qi, Dongtao (11 November 2013). "Globalization, Social Justice Issues, Political and Economic Nationalism in Taiwan: An Explanation of the Limited Resurgence of the DPP during 2008–2012". The China Quarterly. 216: 1018–1044. doi:10.1017/S0305741013001124. S2CID 154336295.
Furthermore, the studies also suggest that the DPP, as a centre-left party opposed to the centre-right KMT, has been the leading force in addressing Taiwan's various social justice issues.
- Shim, Jaemin (2018). "Mind the Gap! Comparing Gender Politics in Japan and Taiwan". GIGA Focus | Asia (5). German Institute for Global and Area Studies. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- "New face for KMT in Taiwan". The Australian. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- ^
- Fell, Dafydd (2005). Party Politics in Taiwan: Party Change and the Democratic Evolution of Taiwan, 1991–2004. Routledge. pp. 98, 117. ISBN 1-134-24021-X.
- Rigger, Shelley (2016). "Kuomintang Agonistes: Party Politics in the Wake of Taiwan's 2016 Elections". Orbis. 60 (4): 408–503. doi:10.1016/j.orbis.2016.08.005. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
Instead of reshaping its priorities to fit the expectations of a changing society, the KMT (at least for the moment) seems to be doubling down on its self-marginalizing approach. The new party chair is Hung Hsiu-chu, the erstwhile presidential candidate whose far-right views made it necessary to replace her.
- Yoshiyuki Ogasawara (12 December 2019). "Taiwan's 2020 Presidential Elections". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
These supporters, called 'Han maniacs,' elevated Han to presidential nominee. Ultimately, though, they were a minority, possibly some twenty percent of the overall electorate, and Han's political position, friendly to Beijing and inclined to right-wing populism, started to erode his support.
- ^ M. Troy Burnett, ed. (2020). Nationalism Today: Extreme Political Movements around the World [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-4408-5000-4. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
The center-right Pan-Blue Coalition, led by the KMT, maintains that the ROC is the sole legitimate government for all of China (including Taiwan) and that the aim of the government should be the eventual reunification of the mainland ...
- ^ "Members". IDU. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015.
- ^ "Brill's Encyclopedia of China". referenceworks.brillonline.com. 10 November 2008. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
- ^ Gauss, Clarence E. (30 July 1942). "Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1942, China Document 177 893.00/14876". Chungking, China: Office of the Historian, United States Department of State. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
- ^ Lattimore, Owen; Gauss, Eleanor (1 August 1944). "The Chinese Revolution – from GI Roundtable 42: Our Chinese Ally (1944)". Washington, D.C., United States: American Historical Association. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
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