Back خانية خيوة Arabic Xivə xanlığı Azerbaijani خیوه خانلیغی AZB Хиуа ханлығы Bashkir Хівінскае ханства Byelorussian Хиванско ханство Bulgarian খিভা খানাত Bengali/Bangla Kanat de Khivà Catalan Chivský chanát Czech Khiva-khanatet Danish
Khanate of Khiva | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1511–1920 | |||||||||
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 The Khanate of Khiva (bordered in red), c. 1700. | |||||||||
| Status |
| ||||||||
| Capital | Konye-Urgench (1511—1598) Khiva (1599—1920) | ||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||
| Religion | (official) | ||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||
• 1511–1518 | Ilbars I (first) | ||||||||
• 1918–1920 | Sayid Abdullah (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1511 | ||||||||
• Afsharid conquest | 1740 | ||||||||
| 1804 | |||||||||
| 12 August 1873 | |||||||||
| 2 February 1920 | |||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| 1911[7] | 67,521 km2 (26,070 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1902[5] | 700,000 | ||||||||
• 1908[6] | 800,000 | ||||||||
• 1911[7] | 550,000 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||
| History of Turkmenistan |
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 Turkmenistan portal |
The Khanate of Khiva (Chagatay: خیوه خانلیگی, romanized: Khivâ Khânligi, Persian: خانات خیوه, romanized: Khânât-e Khiveh, Uzbek: Xiva xonligi, Хива хонлиги, Turkmen: Hywa hanlygy, Russian: Хивинское ханство, romanized: Khivinskoye khanstvo) was an Uzbek polity[8][9][10][11] that existed in the historical region of Khorezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nader Shah between 1740 and 1746. Centred in the irrigated plains of the lower Amu Darya, south of the Aral Sea, with the capital in the city of Khiva. It covered present-day western Uzbekistan, southwestern Kazakhstan and much of Turkmenistan before the Russian conquest at the second half of the 19th century.
In 1873, the Khanate of Khiva was greatly reduced in size and became a Russian protectorate. The other regional protectorate that lasted until the Revolution was the Emirate of Bukhara. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Khiva had a revolution too, and in 1920 the Khanate was replaced by the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic. In 1924, the area was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union and today it is largely a part of Karakalpakstan, Xorazm Region in Uzbekistan, and Daşoguz Region of Turkmenistan.
- ^ Grenoble, Lenore (2003). Language Policy of the Soviet Union. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 143. ISBN 1-4020-1298-5.
- ^ Oliver, Roy (2007). The New Central Asia: Geopolitics and the Birth of Nations. I.B.Tauris. p. 10. ISBN 9781845115524.
They all had Persian as both their court language and the language of culture and all the successive sovereigns in each of the three instances were of Turkish origin: the Safavid followed by the Qajars in Iran; the Moghuls in India... in the various emirates Transoxiania (Bukhara Khiva and Kokand).
- ^ Rosenberger, Nancy (2011). Seeking Food Rights: Nation, Inequality and Repression in Uzbekistan. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-111-30149-1.
- ^ Bregel, Y.E. (1961). Khwarazm Turkmens in the 19th Century. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Asian Peoples. Publishing house of Oriental literature. pp. 7–38.
- ^ Kharin, Nikolaĭ Gavrilovich (2002). Vegetation Degradation in Central Asia Under the Impact of Human Activities. p. 49. ISBN 1-4020-0397-8.
- ^ "map: The Moslem World". 3.bp.blogspot.com.
- ^ Khalid, Adeeb (1998). The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. p. 16.
- ^ Golden, Peter B. (2011). Central Asia in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-979317-4.
- ^ Soucek, Svat (1 June 2003). "A History Of Inner Asia - Cambridge University" (PDF).
- ^ Foltz, Richard (20 March 2022). "A History Of The Tajiks: Iranians of the east (Chap: The Uzbeks)" (PDF).
- ^ Peter van Ghelen, Iohann (1735). "Historical map of Uzbekistan". Academia.