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Julia (programming language)

Julia
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: multiple dispatch (primary paradigm), functional, array, procedural (imperative), structured, reflective, meta, multistaged[1]
Designed byJeff Bezanson, Alan Edelman, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah
DeveloperJeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, and other contributors[2][3]
First appeared2012 (2012)[4]
Stable release
1.11.6[5] Edit this on Wikidata / 10 July 2025 (10 July 2025)
and 1.10.10[9] (LTS) / 27 June 2025 (2025-06-27)
Preview release
1.12.0-rc1[6][7][8] / 12 July 2025 (2025-07-12). Being worked on: 1.12.0-rc2[10] and 1.13.0-DEV with daily updates
Typing disciplineDynamic,[11] inferred, optional, nominative, parametric, strong[11]
Implementation languageJulia, C, C++, LLVM,[12] Scheme (was used the parser; almost exclusively)
PlatformTier 1: 64- and 32-bit Windows 10+, Linux, and 64-bit macOS; IA-32, x86-64, Apple silicon (ARM64) Macs; Nvidia GPUs/CUDA 11.0+ (on Linux; tier 2 for Windows)[13]

Tier 2: 64-bit FreeBSD 13.4+, Linux on 64-bit Arm; Apple GPUs/Metal on macOS 13+, Intel GPUs/OneAPI 6.2+ and Nvidia GPUs (on Windows)

Tier 3: 64-bit RISC-V, 64-bit musl (e.g. Alpine Linux); and AMD GPUs/ROCm 5.3+.
OSLinux, macOS, Windows 10+ and FreeBSD
LicenseMIT
Filename extensions.jl
WebsiteJuliaLang.org
Influenced by

Julia is a dynamic general-purpose programming language. As a high-level language, distinctive aspects of Julia's design include a type system with parametric polymorphism, the use of multiple dispatch as a core programming paradigm, just-in-time (JIT) compilation and a parallel garbage collection implementation. Notably Julia does not support classes with encapsulated methods but instead relies on the types of all of a function's arguments to determine which method will be called.

By default, Julia is run similarly to scripting languages, using its runtime, and allows for interactions,[19] but Julia programs/source code can also optionally be sent to users in one ready-to-install/run file, which can be made quickly, not needing anything preinstalled.[20]

Julia programs can reuse libraries from other languages (or itself be reused from other); Julia has a special no-boilerplate keyword allowing calling e.g. C, Fortran or Rust libraries, and e.g. PythonCall.jl uses it indirectly for you, and Julia (libraries) can also be called from other languages, e.g. Python and R, and several Julia packages have been made easily available from those languages, in the form of Python and R libraries for corresponding Julia packages. Calling in either direction has been implemented for many languages, not just those and C++.

Julia is supported by programmer tools like IDEs (see below) and by notebooks like Pluto.jl, Jupyter, and since 2025 Google Colab officially supports Julia natively.

Julia is sometimes used in embedded systems (e.g. has been used in a satellite in space on a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4; 64-bit Pis work best with Julia, and Julia is supported in Raspbian).[21]

  1. ^ "Smoothing data with Julia's @generated functions". 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2015. Julia's generated functions are closely related to the multistaged programming (MSP) paradigm popularized by Taha and Sheard, which generalizes the compile time/run time stages of program execution by allowing for multiple stages of delayed code execution.
  2. ^ "LICENSE.md". GitHub. September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  3. ^ "Contributors to JuliaLang/julia". GitHub. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d Jeff Bezanson; Stefan Karpinski; Viral Shah; Alan Edelman (February 2012). "Why We Created Julia". Julia website. Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  5. ^ "Julia v1.11.6 has been released".
  6. ^ "Backports for 1.12.0-rc1 by KristofferC · Pull Request #58956 · JuliaLang/julia". GitHub. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  7. ^ "Backports for 1.12.0-beta4 by KristofferC · Pull Request #58369 · JuliaLang/julia". GitHub. Retrieved 10 May 2025.
  8. ^ "GitHub - JuliaLang/julia at v1.12.0-beta3". GitHub. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
  9. ^ "GitHub - JuliaLang/julia at v1.10.9". GitHub. Retrieved 10 March 2025.
  10. ^ "Backports for Julia 1.12-rc2 by KristofferC · Pull Request #59006 · JuliaLang/julia". GitHub. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  11. ^ a b Engheim, Erik (17 November 2017). "Dynamically Typed Languages Are Not What You Think". Medium. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Building Julia (Detailed)". GitHub. September 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  13. ^ "NVIDIA CUDA ⋅ JuliaGPU". juliagpu.org. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022. we have shown the performance to approach and even sometimes exceed that of CUDA C on a selection of applications from the Rodinia benchmark suite
  14. ^ Stokel-Walker, Chris. "Julia: The Goldilocks language". Increment. Stripe. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  15. ^ "JuliaCon 2016". JuliaCon. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2016. He has co-designed the programming language Scheme, which has greatly influenced the design of Julia
  16. ^ a b c d "Home · The Julia Language". docs.julialang.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  17. ^ "Programming Language Network". GitHub. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  18. ^ Wolfram, Stephen (12 February 2013). "What Should We Call the Language of Mathematica?—Stephen Wolfram Writings". writings.stephenwolfram.com. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference PackageCompiler.jl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference AppBundler.jl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ "Julia available in Raspbian on the Raspberry Pi". Julia works on all the Pi variants, we recommend using the Pi 3.
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