Back الصراع الداخلي في بيرو Arabic Вътрешен конфликт в Перу Bulgarian Conflicte armat peruà Catalan Rhyfel Cartref Periw (1980–presennol) Welsh Bewaffneter Konflikt in Peru German Época del terrorismo en el Perú Spanish درگیری داخلی در پرو Persian Conflit armé péruvien French 페루 분쟁 Korean Wojna domowa w Peru Polish

Internal conflict in Peru

Not to be confused with Peruvian political crisis (2016–present).

Internal conflict in Peru
Part of the Cold War (1980–1991) and the War on Drugs (1980–present)

Areas of Shining Path activity in Peru
DateMain phase
17 May, 1980 – 14 July, 1999[note 4]
Low-level activity
9 August 2001 – present[20]
Location
Peru
Result

First phase: Government victory

Second phase: Ongoing

  • Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori.
  • Establishment of Shining Path factions in 2001 (CBMR) and 2004 (CRH).
  • Disestablishment of the CRH in 2012.
  • Establishment of the MPCP in 2018.
  • Death of Abimael Guzmán in prison.
  • Ongoing insurgency in the VRAEM.
Belligerents

 Government of Peru

Supported by:
Supported by:
MPCP[note 2]
Supported by:
Ethnocacerists
Supported by:
Supported by:
Commanders and leaders
Units involved

People's Guerrilla Army (EGP)

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Peru (FARP)

Tupacamarist People's Army (EPT)
Strength
Main phase:
35,000+ men
Second phase:
around 10,000+ men [citation needed]
Casualties and losses
2,500–3,000 casualties[citation needed]
Total casualties:
50,000–70,000 killed or missing[23][24][25]
600,000 displaced[citation needed]
Part of a series on the
History of Peru
Perou. Das Königreich Perou, from Description de l'Univers, contenant les différents systèmes du monde
By chronology
Pre-Columbian Peru 12000 BCE–1532
Ancient civilizations 3500 BCE–1470
Inca Empire 1438–1533/1572
Spanish conquest 1532–1572
Viceroyalty 1542–1824
War of Independence 1809–1826
Foundational Period 1821–1842
Protectorate of Peru 1821–1822
Supreme Governing Junta 1822–1823
Confederation and War 1836–1839
Restoration 1839–1841
Military Anarchy 1841–1845
Guano Era 1845–1866
Chincha Islands War 1865–1879
War of the Pacific 1879–1883
Peruvian Resistance 1881–1883
National Reconstruction 1884–1895
Aristocratic Republic 1895–1919
New Motherland 1919–1930
Ecuadorian–Peruvian War 1941–1942
Odría Dictatorship 1948–1956
Moderate civil reform 1956–1968
Revolutionary Government 1968–1980
Democracy and terrorism 1980–2000
Internal conflict 1980–
Economic crisis 1980–1991
Peruvian political crisis 2016–
By political entity
By topic
See also
flag Peru portal

The internal conflict in Peru is an armed conflict between the Government of Peru and the Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path. The conflict's main phase began on 17 May 1980 and ended in December 2000.[26] From 1982 to 1997 the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) waged its own insurgency as a Marxist–Leninist rival to the Shining Path.[27] As fighting intensified in the 1980s, the Peruvian government had one of the worst human rights records in the Western Hemisphere; Peru experienced the most forced disappearances in the world during the period while the Peruvian Armed Forces acted with impunity throughout the conflict, sometimes massacring entire villages.[28][29]

It is estimated that there have been between 50,000 and 70,000 deaths, making it the bloodiest war in the country's independent history. The high death toll includes many civilian casualties, due to deliberate targeting by many factions. The indigenous peoples of Peru were specifically targeted by killings, with 75% of those killed speaking Quechua as their native language.[30] Since 2000, the number of deaths has dropped significantly and recently the conflict has become somewhat dormant. The conflict is also characterized by serious violations of human rights.[31][32][33][34][35]

  1. ^ (Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2003, Ch. 1.5, pp. 438–440)
  2. ^ "Central Única Nacional de Rondas Campesinas del Perú - CUNARC-P". Base de Datos de Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios.
  3. ^ "Perú y Colombia amplían cooperación en lucha contra terrorismo y narcotráfico". El Espectador. 23 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Peru orders weapons from North Korea". UPI. 23 March 1988. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  5. ^ a b Ellis, Evan (20 July 2022). "Russia in the Western Hemisphere: Assessing Putin's Malign Influence in Latin America and the Caribbean". CSIS. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  6. ^ Zedano, Ricardo (21 November 2017). "General ruso visita Tercera Brigada del Ejército del Perú". Federación de Periodistas del Perú.
  7. ^ "Mirada al pasado: Perú y España, lazos contra el terrorismo". Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  8. ^ "US designates Peru's Shining Path 'drug traffickers'". BBC News. 2 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  9. ^ "EE.UU. manda tropas de combate a Perú". La Razón. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
  10. ^ Tisdall, Simon (23 August 2011). "Gaddafi: a vicious, sinister despot driven out on tidal wave of hatred". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  11. ^ "Sendero Luminoso sufre deserciones por estrategia militar y policial en el Vraem". gob.pe. Gobierno del Perú. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  12. ^ 22 March 2022. "Militarizado Partido Comunista del Perú se pone a las órdenes del presidente chino Xi Jinping "en pugna por la hegemonía única de Estados Unidos y sus aliados de la OTAN"". Caretas. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Rocca, Kattia (8 May 2017). "MRTA se reagrupa con nuevo nombre y opera desde el interior del país". Diario Correo.
  14. ^ a b c d "Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement: Growing threat to US interests in Peru" (PDF). CIA.gov. 28 March 1991. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Ex guerrilleros del FMLN vinculados al MRTA". LUM (in Spanish). 17 January 1997. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  16. ^ "MRTA reivindica 13 atentados contra bancos y comisarías". LUM. 12 October 1986. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  17. ^ "Movimientos terroristas: Sendero Luminoso y MRTA" (PDF). Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  18. ^ "Shining Path Rebel Leader Is Captured in Peru". The Washington Post. 15 July 1999. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference activity was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ "Perú: 16 muertos en enfrentamientos". BBC News. 9 August 2001.
  21. ^ "Comandos operacionales en acción" (PDF). Comando En Acción. Vol. 76. 2024. p. 57.
  22. ^ Gorriti, Gustavo (25 August 2022). "La precuela del operativo". IDL-Reporteros.
  23. ^ (Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2003, Press Release 226.)
  24. ^ "Gráfico: ¿qué fue la CVR y qué dijo su informe final?". RPP. 26 August 2016.
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference rendon2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Starn, Orin (30 April 2019). The Shining Path: Love, Madness, and Revolution in the Andes 1st Edition. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393292817.
  27. ^ Fabre, Cécile (27 September 2012), "Civil wars", Cosmopolitan War, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 130–165, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567164.003.0005, ISBN 978-0-19-956716-4, retrieved 18 September 2024
  28. ^ Mauceri, Philip (Winter 1995). "State reform, coalitions, and the neoliberal 'autogolpe' in Peru". Latin American Research Review. 30 (1): 7–37. doi:10.1017/S0023879100017155. S2CID 252749746.
  29. ^ Werlich, David P. (January 1987). "Debt, Democracy and Terrorism in Peru". Current History. 86 (516): 29–32, 36–37. doi:10.1525/curh.1987.86.516.29. S2CID 249689936.
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ Pichari (28 September 2021). "Peru's Ashaninka indigenous people remember the cruelty of war in the Amazon". France 24. Retrieved 21 September 2024.


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