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Hangzhou
杭州市 Hangchow | |
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 Logo | |
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 Location of Hangzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang | |
  Hangzhou Location of the city center in Zhejiang  Hangzhou Location of the city center in China | |
| Coordinates (Zhejiang Municipal People's Government): 30°16′01″N 120°09′11″E / 30.267°N 120.153°E | |
| Country |  China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| Municipal seat | Shangcheng District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sub-provincial city |
| • Body | Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Liu Jie |
| • Congress Chairman | Li Huolin |
| • Mayor | Yao Gaoyuan |
| • CPPCC Chairman | Ma Weiguang |
| Area | |
• City | 16,821.1 km2 (6,494.7 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 8,259.9 km2 (3,189.2 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 8,107.9 km2 (3,130.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
• City | 11,936,010 |
| • Density | 710/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 10,711,238 |
| • Urban density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 13,035,329 |
| • Metro density | 1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi) |
| • National rank | 5th |
| Demonym(s) | Hangzhounese[2][3][4] (杭州人, Hángzhōurén) |
| GDP[5] | |
| • City | CN¥ 2.186 trillion US$ 306.9 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 183,143 US$ 25,716 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 310000 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-ZJ-01 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 浙A |
| Regional variety | Wu: Hangzhou dialect |
| Website | Hangzhou.gov.cn |
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| Hangzhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg) "Hangzhou" in Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 杭州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wu | ɦaŋ-tsei (Hangzhou dialect) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Hangchow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Hang Prefecture" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Qiantang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 钱塘 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 錢塘 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hangzhou[a] is the capital of the Chinese province of Zhejiang.[9]: 86 With a population of 13 million,[10] the municipality comprises ten districts, two counties, and one county-level city in northwestern Zhejiang. It is situated at the head of Hangzhou Bay and the estuary of the Qiantang River.[11]
Established as a county seat in 221 BC, Hangzhou later served as the capital of the Wuyue Kingdom (923–997) and the Southern Song dynasty (1138–1276).[12] The city has three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which are the West Lake Cultural Landscape, the Grand Canal, and the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City.[13]
Hangzhou is designated as a sub-provincial city.[14] Hangzhou ranked ninth in GDP among mainland Chinese cities and 14th according to the Global Innovation Index.[15][16] The city hosts the headquarters of Alibaba Group, Ant Group, DeepSeek, Geely, and NetEase.[17] According to the Nature Index, it ranks 13th globally in scientific research output.[18]
- ^ "China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ Bayne, John (2006), "Images of the Chinese Photography and Consumerism in 1990s Hangzhou", Consuming China: Approaches to Cultural Change in Contemporary China, Abingdon: Routledge, p. 196, ISBN 9781135791438.
- ^ Zhang Zhongyuan (2018), "Exploring the Spacial Dynamics of the City: A Case Study in China", Organizational Space and Beyond: The Significance of Henri Lefebvre for Organizational Studies, Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations, and Safety, Abingdon: Routledge, p. 244, ISBN 9781315302416.
- ^ Akhtar, Ali Humayun (2022), 1368: China and the Making of the Modern World, Stanford: Stanford University Press, p. 149, ISBN 9781503631519.
- ^ "zh: 2024年杭州经济运行情况" (Press release). hangzhou.gov.cn. January 22, 2025. Retrieved February 20, 2025.
- ^ "Hangzhou". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "Hangzhou". The Britannica Dictionary.
- ^ "Hangzhou". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:04was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "2024年杭州市人口主要数据公报". 杭州市统计局. March 11, 2025.
- ^ 任俊锰 (November 6, 2024). "南京杭州明确为"地区中心"：长三角形成一个国家中心、两个地区中心格局". 解放日报. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
- ^ Welter, Albert (February 6, 2024). "The Hangzhou Region and the Spread of East Asian Buddhism". Religions. 15 (2): 201. doi:10.3390/rel15020201. ISSN 2077-1444.
- ^ Ma, Zhenhuan (June 23, 2022). "Foreigners take in Hangzhou's cultural heritage sites". China Daily. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
- ^ 中央机构编制委员会印发《关于省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号. 豆丁网. February 19, 1995. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
- ^ 吳碧娥 (September 12, 2024). "WIPO發布2024全球百大科技集群 中國連兩年數量居冠". 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved April 13, 2025.
- ^ "Science and Technology Cluster Ranking 2024". WIPO. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
- ^ 邵婷 (November 20, 2024). "杭州市2024年度总部企业榜单发布 643家企业上榜". 都市快报. Retrieved April 13, 2025 – via 杭州网.
- ^ Dreyer, Jacob (November 20, 2024). "China's regional cities are now major players in world science". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-03523-x. PMID 39567811. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
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