Han Feizi

*Han Feizi*
Han Feizi
	'Hanfeizi' in seal script (top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) forms
Traditional Chinese	韓非子
Simplified Chinese	韩非子
Literal meaning	"[The Writings of] Master Han Fei"
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hán Fēi zǐ
Bopomofo	ㄏㄢˊ ㄈㄟㄗˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Harn Feitzyy
Wade–Giles	Han2 Fei1 tzŭ3
IPA	[xǎn féɪ.tsɨ̀]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Hòhn Fēi-jí
Jyutping	Hon4 Fei1-zi2
IPA	[hɔn˩ fej˥.tsi˧˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ	Hân Hui-chú
Tâi-lô	Hân Hui-tsú
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese	ɦan pi.tzí
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)	*[g]ˤar pəj.tsəʔ

Han Feizi
	A late 19th century edition of the Hanfeizi by Hongwen Book Company
Author	Han Fei
Original title	韩非子
Language	Chinese
Genre	Chinese classics
Publication date	3rd century BCE
Publication place	China

The Han Feizi (simplified Chinese: 韩非子; traditional Chinese: 韓非子; pinyin: Hánfēizi; lit. 'Book of Master Han Fei') is an ancient Chinese text attributed to the Legalist political philosopher Han Fei.^[1] It comprises a selection of essays in the Legalist tradition, elucidating theories of state power, and synthesizing the methodologies of his predecessors.^[2] Its 55 chapters, most of which date to the Warring States period mid-3rd century BCE, are the only such text to survive fully intact.^[3] The Han Feizi is believed to contain the first commentaries on the Dao De Jing.^[4]^[5] Traditionally associated with the Qin dynasty,^[6]^: 82 succeeding emperors and reformers were still influenced by Shen Buhai and the Han Feizi, with Shang Yang's current again coming to prominence in the time of Emperor Wu.^[7]

Often considered the "culminating" or "greatest" Legalist texts, Han Fei was dubbed by A. C. Graham amongst as the "great synthesizer" of 'Legalism'".^[8]^[9] Sun Tzu's The Art of War incorporates both a Daoist philosophy of inaction and impartiality, and a 'Legalist' system of punishment and rewards, recalling Han Fei's use of the concepts of power and technique.^[10]

Among the most important philosophical classics in ancient China,^[11] it touches on administration, diplomacy, war and economics,^[12] and is also valuable for its abundance of anecdotes about pre-Qin China. Though differing considerably in style, the coherency of the essays lend themselves to the possibility that much was written by Han Fei himself, and are generally considered more philosophically engaging than the Book of Lord Shang.^[13] Zhuge Liang is said to have attached great importance to the Han Feizi, as well as to Han Fei's predecessor Shen Buhai.^[14]

^ Encyclopedia of World Biography^{[full citation needed]}
^ Lévi 1993, p. 115.
^ Pines 2014^{[pages needed]}; Goldin 2013^{[pages needed]}; Lévi 1993, p. 115
^ Pines, Yuri (2014). "Legalism in Chinese Philosophy". In Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
^ Lu, Xing (1998). Rhetoric in Ancient China, Fifth to Third Century, B.C.E.: A Comparison with Classical Greek Rhetoric. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-216-5.
^ Bishop, Donald H. (September 27, 1995). Chinese Thought: An Introduction. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120811393.
^ Kenneth Winston p. 315. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies [2005] 313–347. The Internal Morality of Chinese Legalism. http://law.nus.edu.sg/sjls/articles/SJLS-2005-313.pdf
^
Yu-lan Fung (1948). A Short History of Chinese Philosophy. Simon and Schuster. p. 157. ISBN 9780684836348. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
- Eno, Robert (2010). "Legalism and Huang-Lao Thought, Early Chinese Thought Course Readings" (PDF). Indiana University.
- Hu Shi 1930: 480–48,^{[full citation needed]} also quoted in Pines, Yuri 2014 Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin revisited
^ Goldin (2011), p. 15.
^ Chen, Chao Chuan; Lee, Yueh-Ting (2008). "Introduction: The diversity and dynamism of Chinese philosophies on leadership". In Chen, Chao-Chuan; Lee, Yueh-Ting (eds.). Leadership and Management in China: Philosophies, Theories, and Practices. p. 12. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511753763. ISBN 978-0-521-87961-3.
^ Pang-White, Ann A. (2016). The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy and Gender. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-6986-8.^{[page needed]}
^ Gernet, Jacques (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-521-49781-7.
^ Cite error: The named reference ReferenceB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^
Zhuge Liang cited in Goldin (2013)^{[pages needed]}; Guo 2008, p. 38; Pines 2014, Epilogue: Legalism in Chinese History
- Current Shen Buhai reference is less strong, but Han Feizi is rooted in Shen's administrative doctrine regardless; Shen does not imply Han Fei, but Han Fei implies Shen

[1] Encyclopedia of World Biography^{[full citation needed]}

[FOOTNOTELévi1993115-2] Lévi 1993, p. 115.

[3] Pines 2014^{[pages needed]}; Goldin 2013^{[pages needed]}; Lévi 1993, p. 115

[4] Pines, Yuri (2014). "Legalism in Chinese Philosophy". In Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2023-08-29.

[5] Lu, Xing (1998). Rhetoric in Ancient China, Fifth to Third Century, B.C.E.: A Comparison with Classical Greek Rhetoric. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-216-5.

[auto15-6] Bishop, Donald H. (September 27, 1995). Chinese Thought: An Introduction. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120811393.

[7] Kenneth Winston p. 315. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies [2005] 313–347. The Internal Morality of Chinese Legalism. http://law.nus.edu.sg/sjls/articles/SJLS-2005-313.pdf

[8] Yu-lan Fung (1948). A Short History of Chinese Philosophy. Simon and Schuster. p. 157. ISBN 9780684836348. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Eno, Robert (2010). "Legalism and Huang-Lao Thought, Early Chinese Thought Course Readings" (PDF). Indiana University.

Hu Shi 1930: 480–48,^{[full citation needed]} also quoted in Pines, Yuri 2014 Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin revisited

[9] Eno, Robert (2010). "Legalism and Huang-Lao Thought, Early Chinese Thought Course Readings" (PDF). Indiana University.

[10] Hu Shi 1930: 480–48,^{[full citation needed]} also quoted in Pines, Yuri 2014 Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin revisited

[FOOTNOTEGoldin201115-9] Goldin (2011), p. 15.

[Chen_p._12-10] Chen, Chao Chuan; Lee, Yueh-Ting (2008). "Introduction: The diversity and dynamism of Chinese philosophies on leadership". In Chen, Chao-Chuan; Lee, Yueh-Ting (eds.). Leadership and Management in China: Philosophies, Theories, and Practices. p. 12. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511753763. ISBN 978-0-521-87961-3.

[11] Pang-White, Ann A. (2016). The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy and Gender. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-6986-8.^{[page needed]}

[12] Gernet, Jacques (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-521-49781-7.

[ReferenceB-13] Cite error: The named reference ReferenceB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[14] Zhuge Liang cited in Goldin (2013)^{[pages needed]}; Guo 2008, p. 38; Pines 2014, Epilogue: Legalism in Chinese History
Current Shen Buhai reference is less strong, but Han Feizi is rooted in Shen's administrative doctrine regardless; Shen does not imply Han Fei, but Han Fei implies Shen

[17] Current Shen Buhai reference is less strong, but Han Feizi is rooted in Shen's administrative doctrine regardless; Shen does not imply Han Fei, but Han Fei implies Shen

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A late 19th century edition of the Hanfeizi by Hongwen Book Company
Author	Han Fei
Original title	韩非子
Language	Chinese
Genre	Chinese classics
Publication date	3rd century BCE
Publication place	China

Han Feizi

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