Dystopia

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A dystopia (lit. "bad place") is an imagined world or society in which people lead wretched, dehumanized, fearful lives.^[2] It is an imagined place (possibly state) in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one. Dystopia is widely seen as the opposite of (e)utopia – a concept coined by Thomas More in 1516 to describe an ideal society.^[3] Both topias are common topics in fiction. Dystopia is also referred to as cacotopia,^[4] or anti-utopia.

Dystopias are often characterized by fear or distress,^[5] tyrannical governments, environmental disaster,^[6] or other characteristics associated with a cataclysmic decline in society. Themes typical of a dystopian society include: complete control over the people in a society through the use propaganda and police state tactics, heavy censorship of information or denial of free thought, worship of an unattainable goal, the complete loss of individuality, and heavy enforcement of conformity.^[7] Despite certain overlaps, dystopian fiction is distinct from post-apocalyptic fiction, and an undesirable society is not necessarily dystopian. Dystopian societies appear in many sub-genres of fiction and are often used to draw attention to society, environment, politics, economics, religion, psychology, ethics, science, or technology. Some authors use the term to refer to existing societies, many of which are, or have been, totalitarian states or societies in an advanced state of collapse. Dystopias, through an exaggerated worst-case scenario, often present a criticism of a current trend, societal norm, or political system.^[8]