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Budapest

This article is about the capital of Hungary. For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation).

Budapest
Capital city
Skyline with the Chain Bridge, Banks of Danube, Buda Castle and Gellért Hill
Hungarian Parliament
Széchenyi Thermal Bath
Opera House on Andrássy Avenue
Fisherman's Bastion with Matthias Church
Great Market Hall on Váci Street
Infopark science and business district
Margaret Island and Margaret Bridge
Flag of Budapest
Flag
Coat of arms of Budapest
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
Queen of Danube, Capital of Spas, Heart of Europe, Paris of the East[1]
Budapest is located in Hungary
Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is located in Europe
Budapest
Budapest
Coordinates: 47°29′33″N 19°03′05″E / 47.49250°N 19.05139°E / 47.49250; 19.05139
Country Hungary
RegionCentral Hungary
Settled by RomansAD 41 (41), as Aquincum[3][4]
Unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda17 November 1873[5]
Boroughs
Government
 • TypeMayor–council government
 • BodyGeneral Assembly of Budapest
 • MayorGergely Karácsony (Dialogue)
Area
[6]
525.1 km2 (202.7 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,538 km2 (980 sq mi)
 • Metro
6,917 km2 (2,671 sq mi)
Elevation
[10]
Lowest (Danube) 96 m
Highest (János Hill) 529 m (315 to 1,735 ft)
Population
 (2025)
1,685,209[2]
 • Rank1st (10th in EU)
 • Density3,209/km2 (8,310/sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2023)
2,968,809[9]
 • Metro
3,303,786[7][8]
DemonymsBudapester, budapesti (HU)
GDP
 • MetroUS$115,41 billion (2023)[11]
 • Per capita168% of EU average (2023)[12]
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal code(s)
1011–1239
Area code1
ISO 3166 codeHU-BU
NUTS codeHU101
HDI (2022)0.934[13] – very high · 1st
Websitebudapestinfo.hu
Official nameBudapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iv
Designated1987 (11th session)
Reference no.400
Area473.3 ha

Budapest[a] is the capital, most populous city, and one of the twenty counties of Hungary. It is Hungary's primate city with 1.7 million inhabitants and its greater metro area has a population of about 3.3 million,[17][18] representing one-third of the country's population and producing above 40% of the country's economic output. Budapest is the political, economic, and cultural center of the country, among the ten largest cities in the European Union and the second largest urban area in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest stands on the River Danube and is strategically located at the center of the Pannonian Basin, lying on ancient trade routes linking the hills of Transdanubia with the Great Plain.

Budapest is a global city, consistently ranked among the 50 most important cities in the world,[19][20] belongs to the narrow group of cities with a GDP over US$100 billion,[21] named a global cultural capital as having high-quality human capital,[22] and is among the 35 most liveable cities in the world.[23] The city is home to over 30 universities with more than 150,000 students, most of them attending large public research universities that are highly ranked worldwide in their fields, such as Eötvös Loránd University in natural sciences,[24] Budapest University of Technology in engineering and technology,[25] MATE in life sciences,[26] and Semmelweis University in medicine.[27] Budapest also hosts various international organizations, including several UN agencies,[28] the WHO Budapest Centre,[29] IOM regional centre,[30] the EU headquarters of EIT and CEPOL,[31][32] as well as the first foreign office of China Investment Agency.[33] Budapest opened the first underground transit line on the European continent in 1896,[34] which is still in use as M1 Millennium Underground, and today the fixed-track metro and tram network forms the backbone of Budapest's public transport system and transports 2.2 million people daily,[35] making it a significant urban transit system.

The history of Budapest began with an early Celtic settlement transformed by the Romans into the town of Aquincum,[36][37] capital of Lower Pannonia in the 1st century.[36] Following the foundation of Hungary in the late 9th century,[38] the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241.[39] It became royal seat in 1361,[39] with Buda becoming one of the European centers of renaissance culture by the 15th century under Matthias Corvinus.[40][41][42] The siege of Buda in 1541 was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule,[43] and after the reconquest of Buda in 1686, the region entered a new age of prosperity, with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda in 1873.[44][45] By this time, Budapest had become the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,[46] a great power that dissolved in 1918 following World War I. The city was also the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, Battle of Budapest in 1945, and Hungarian Revolution of 1956.[47][48]

The historic center of Budapest along the Danube is classified as a World Heritage Site due to its numerous notable monuments of classical architecture, from the 13th-century Matthias Church[49] to 19th-century landmarks such as Hungarian Parliament, State Opera House, the Museum of Fine Arts and St. Stephen's Basilica.[50] Budapest has been a popular spa destination since Roman times and is considered the spa capital of Europe,[51] with more than 100 medicinal geothermal springs and the largest thermal water cave system.[52][53] The city is home to the second-largest synagogue and third-largest parliament building in the world,[54] over 40 museums and galleries,[55] nearly ten Michelin-starred restaurants, and named among the 50 best food cities globally for its focus on distinctive Hungarian cuisine.[56][57] Budapest is also renowned for its nightlife, with ruin bars playing a significant role in it,[58] moreover the city has become a center for Hollywood film production in recent years.[59] Budapest regularly hosts major global sporting events, with the practically 70,000-seat Puskás Aréna serving as one of the venues, which hosted most recently the 2023 UEFA Europa League final, 2020 UEFA Super Cup, will host 2026 UEFA Champions League final and city hosted the 2023 World Athletics Championships, 2017 and 2022 World Aquatics Championships. Budapest attracted 6 million international overnight visitors in 2024, making it one of the most popular destinations in Europe.[60]

  1. ^ "25 facts about Budapest (and Hungary)". todoinbudapest.com.
  2. ^ "Resident population by sex, county and region, 1 January". Hungarian Central Statistical Office.
  3. ^ Cassius Dio, Historia Romana 55.24
  4. ^ Public Domain Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Acincum". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
  5. ^ "Merger of Buda, Pest, Óbuda and Margit Island: 150 years ago the city unification law was announced". pestbuda.hu.
  6. ^ "Budapest". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  7. ^ "Budapest : Identification of metropolitan area". European Metropolitan Transport Authorities (EMTA).
  8. ^ "About Budapest Transport Association". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016. "About Budapest Transport Association". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  9. ^ "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas". Eurostat.
  10. ^ "The highest point of Budapest – Elizabeth Lookout turns 110". pestbuda.hu.
  11. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 region. In 2023 Budapest metro region's (Közép-Magyarország) GDP was 98 644,31 mEUR x 1,17 EUR/USD = US$115,41". Eurostat.
  12. ^ "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant in % of the EU27 average)". Eurostat.
  13. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org.
  14. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  15. ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
  16. ^ Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-138-12566-7.
  17. ^ "Budapest : Identification of metropolitan area". European Metropolitan Transport Authorities (EMTA).
  18. ^ "About Budapest Transport Association". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016. "About Budapest Transport Association". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  19. ^ "GaWC World Cities 2024 - Budapest ranked as a top Beta+ global city. According to GaWC: „results should be interpreted as indicating the importance of cities as nodes in the world city network."". GaWC Globalization & World Cities 2024.
  20. ^ "Hungary: Emerging Economic Power In Central And Eastern Europe". Thomas White International. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  21. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 region. In 2023 Budapest metro region's (Közép-Magyarország) GDP is 98 644,31 mEUR x 1,17 EUR/USD = US$115,41". Eurostat.
  22. ^ "Oxford Economics - Global Cities Index 2025. Budapest classified as Cultural Capital, which means: cities that have high quality of life and many cultural sites and a sizeable share of foreign-born residents. They also tend to attract residents and tourists alike due to their amenities and educational opportunities. Also ranked as global top 100 in quailty of life and quality of human capital" (PDF). Oxford Economics 2025.
  23. ^ "Budapest rose to 32nd on the annual list of the world's most liveable cities in Economist Intelligence Unit - Global Liveability Index 2024". Economist Intelligence Unit.
  24. ^ "ELTE ranks QS world top 330 in natural scinces - About Eötvös Loránd University, Rankings & Ratings 2025". QS World University Rankings.
  25. ^ "BUTE ranks QS global top 250 in engineering and technology. - About Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Rankings & Ratings 2025". QS World University Rankings.
  26. ^ "MATE ranks QS global top 150 in field of subject. - About MATE, Rankings & Ratings 2025". QS World University Rankings.
  27. ^ "Semmelweis University ranks global top 300 in life science and medicine. About Semmelweis University, Rankings & Ratings 2025". QS World University Rankings.
  28. ^ "Hungary as a regional center for the United Nations: Hungary hosting an increasing number of UN offices (UNHCR, FAO, ILO, IOM, WHO, IMF, UNICEF, IFRC, UNOCT)". Permanent Mission of Hungary United Nations New York.
  29. ^ "WHO Budapest Centre". WHO.
  30. ^ "IOM Budapest functioned as a "Mission with Regional Functions" (MRF). First providing direct support, supervision, and assistance to IOM's missions in the Central European region, the regional functions of the office in Budapest were then expanded to include IOM missions in South-Eastern Europe". IOM.
  31. ^ "EU nations pick Budapest for technology institute". The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 June 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  32. ^ European Union Document Nos. 2013/0812 (COD), ENFOPOL 395 CODEC 2773 PARLNAT 307
  33. ^ "Budapesten nyílik az első kínai befektetési támaszpont külföldön" [First Chinese investment base abroad opens in Budapest]. Heti Világgazdaság (in Hungarian). 26 May 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  34. ^ Electric Railway. Doppler Press. 2003.
  35. ^ "Urban passenger traffic in Hungary and Budapest by mode of transport. In 2024, Budapest Metro delivers 385.6 million passenger, tram network delivers 408.0, which means 2.17 million passenger per day". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 13 July 2025.
  36. ^ a b "Aquincum". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
  37. ^ Sugar, Peter F.; Péter Hanák; Tibor Frank (1990). "Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest". A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-253-20867-X.
  38. ^ "Budapest". Travel Channel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  39. ^ a b Briliant, Oscar (1911). "Budapest" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 734–737.
  40. ^ Drake, Miriam A. (2003). "Eastern Europe, England and Spain". Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. CRC Press. p. 2498. ISBN 0-8247-2080-6. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  41. ^ Casmir, Fred L. (1995). "Hungarian culture in communication". Communication in Eastern Europe: The Role of History, Culture, and media in contemporary conflicts. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 122. ISBN 0-8058-1625-9. Retrieved 21 May 2008.[permanent dead link]
  42. ^ Nagy, Balázs; Rady, Martyn; Szende, Katalin; Vadas, András (2016). Medieval Buda in Context. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004307674. OCLC 1030542604.
  43. ^ Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15
  44. ^ Török, András. "Budapest". Encarta. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
  45. ^ Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15.
  46. ^ Alexander Watson, Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary at War, 1914–1918 (2014). pp 536–40.: In the capital cities of Vienna and Budapest, the leftist and liberal movements and opposition parties strengthened and supported the separatism of ethnic minorities.
  47. ^ UN General Assembly Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary (1957) "Chapter II.C, para 58 (p. 20)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. (1.47 MB)
  48. ^ John Lukacs (1994). Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture. Grove Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-8021-3250-5.
  49. ^ "History of the Church". Matthias Church.
  50. ^ "World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List". Unesco World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
  51. ^ Krezinger, Szonja (14 May 2008). "Your tour guide to Budapest". Metro World News. Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008.
  52. ^ Fallon, Steve (2003). Budapest: Steaming Special Section on Thermal Baths. Lonely Planet. p. 97. ISBN 1-86450-356-4.
  53. ^ "Big underground thermal lake unveiled in Budapest, Hungary". Tvnz.co.nz. 19 November 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  54. ^ "The Parliament of Hungary is the world's third largest Parliament building". visitbudapest.travel. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  55. ^ "Budapestinfo - Museums". budapestinfo.hu.
  56. ^ "100 Best Food Cities - Budapest". TasteAtlas – World Food Atlas.
  57. ^ "MICHELIN Guide Budapest: A guide to Hungarian cuisine". MICHELIN Guide 2022.
  58. ^ Mackintosh, Alex (26 January 2017). "A Brief History of Budapest's Ruin Bars". Culture Trip. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  59. ^ "Hollywood's All Around Favorite City To Film". budappest.com, 2024.
  60. ^ "Hungarian Tourism Agency: Budapest attracted 6 million foreign visitors, 24% more than a year earlier". Budapest Business Journal.


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