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Battle of Asal Uttar

Battle of Asal Uttar
Part of Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

An Indian officer poses in front of a captured Pakistani M47 Patton.
Date8–10 September 1965
(2 days)
Location
Asal Uttar, Punjab, India
Result Indian victory[1][2][3][4]
Belligerents
India Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
Units involved

India 4th Mountain Division

Pakistan 1st Armoured Division

Strength
  • 42 x Centurion Mk.VIIs
  • 42 x Sherman Vs
  • 42 x AMX-13s
    • Total: 126
    • 168 x M47 Pattons
    • 42 x Sherman 76s
    • 42 x M24 Chaffees
    Total: 254
    Casualties and losses

    Total:[7][5]

    • 61 killed
    • 204 wounded
    • 93 missing
    • 12 - 32 tanks lost

    Total[7]
    97 tanks destroyed or abandoned

    • 70 Pattons
    • 27 other

    The Battle of Asal Uttar was major tank battle fought from 8 to 10 September 1965 at Asal Uttar, a village in Tarn Taran District of Punjab, India, during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965.[a]

    When the Pakistan Army thrust its tanks and infantry into Indian territory and captured the Indian town of Khemkaran (5 km from the India–Pakistan border), Indian troops retaliated, and after three days of bitter fighting, the battle ended with the Pakistani forces being repulsed from Asal Uttar. Factors that contributed to this were the fierce fight put up by the Indian Army, conditions of the plains, better Indian tactics, and a successful Indian strategy.[8][1][9]

    The battle is described as one of the largest tank battles in history since the Battle of Kursk in World War II and is compared with the Battle of Kursk for how it changed the course of the India-Pakistan war of 1965 in India's favour. War historians, including Philip Towle, regard the Indian resistance near Khemkaran as one of the key turning points of the war, one which tilted the balance of the war in favour of India. Peter Wilson states that the defeat of the Pakistan Army in the battle of Asal Uttar was one of the greatest defeats suffered by Pakistani forces in the course of the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965.[10][1]

    1. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference Wilson83 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
    2. ^ Prasad, Bisheshwar. The Fourth Round: Indo-Pak War in 1965. Vikas Publishing House, 1975.
    3. ^ Sinha, Lt. Gen. L.P. Operation Cactus Lily: The Greatest Commando Operation Ever. Knowledge World, 2012.
    4. ^ "World: The Curious Battle of Kasur". TIME. 24 September 1965. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
    5. ^ a b Chakravorty, B.C. (1992). "Chapter VI, All-Out War" (PDF). In Prasad, S.N. (ed.). History of the Indo-Pak War, 1965 (PDF). History Division, Ministry of Defence, Government of India. p. 174 – via ETH Zurich.
    6. ^ Singh, Lt. Gen. Harbaksh (1991). War Despatches. New Delhi: Lancer International. p. 108. ISBN 81-7062-117-8.
    7. ^ a b Gilbert, Oscar E.; Cansiere, Romain (2017). Tanks: a century of tank warfare. Casemate Short History. Oxford: Casemate Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-61200-490-7.
    8. ^ Pradhan, R. D.; Chavan, Yashwantrao Balwantrao (2007). 1965 War, the Inside Story: Defence Minister Y.B. Chavan's Diary of India-Pakistan War. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 47. ISBN 978-81-269-0762-5.
    9. ^ B. Chakravorty (1995). Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners. Allied Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 81-7023-516-2.
    10. ^ Towle, Philip (1982). Estimating foreign military power. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7099-0434-2.


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