Back Royaume Ay French अय राजवंश Hindi 아이 왕조 Korean ആയ് രാജവംശം Malayalam ஆய் நாடு Tamil ఆయ్ రాజవంశం Tegulu
Ay dynasty | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 AYS (AY-VELS) | |||||||
| Capital | |||||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | |||||||
Ay dynasty (transliteration: Āy, IPA: [aːj]), also known as Kupaka in medieval period,[2][a] was an Indian dynasty which controlled the south-western tip of the peninsula, from the early historic period up to the medieval period.[4] The clan traditionally held sway over the port of Vizhinjam, the fertile region of Nanjinad, and southern parts of the spice-producing Western Ghat mountains.[2] The Ays were traditionally subject to the Pandya rulers of Madurai.[5]
The Ay formed one of the major rulers of early historic Kerala, along with the Cheras of central Kerala and the rulers of Ezhimalai in the north.[6][1] Greek geographer Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century CE) described the "Aioi" territory as extending from the Baris (Pamba) to Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari).[7] The elephant was the emblem of the early historic Ay rulers.[7]
The Ay kingdom, whose ancient rulers could, at that time, be considered among the several "political chiefs", functioned as a buffer state between the powerful Pandyas/Cholas and the Cheras (Kerala) during the medieval period.[7][8] A number of kings such as Chadayan Karunanthan (c. 788/89 CE), Karunandatakkan "Srivallabha" (r. c. 856/57 – 884 CE), and Vikramaditya "Varaguna" (r. c. 884 – 911/920 CE) figure as the Ay chiefs of the port of Vizhinjam.[1][9] Shifts in allegiance between the Pandyas and Cheras persisted, with the Ay rulers adopting Pandya surnames, yet they refrained from using Pandya regnal years in their inscriptions, signalling their continued autonomy despite their affiliation.[5] Historians assume that the Ay were a leading power in south Kerala till c. 10th century CE.[10]
- ^ a b c Narayanan (2013), pp. 191–193, 435–437
- ^ a b Narayanan (2013), p. 179
- ^ Vielle, Christophe (2011). "Real and Ideal Kings in Matrilineal Kerala". Religions of South Asia. 5 (1/2): 368. doi:10.1558/rosa.v5i1/2.365. ISSN 1751-2689.
- ^ Ganesh, K. N. (2009). "Historical Geography of Natu in South India with Special Reference to Kerala". Indian Historical Review. 36 (1): 3–21. doi:10.1177/037698360903600102. ISSN 0376-9836. S2CID 145359607.
- ^ a b Veuthat, Kesavan (1993). "The Role of the Chiefs". The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India. New Delhi: Orient Longman. pp. 113–114.
- ^ Gurukkal, Rajan (2002). "Did State Exist in the Pre-Pallavan Tamil Region". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 63: 138–150. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44158082.
- ^ a b c Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007) [1967]. A Survey of Kerala History. Kerala: D C Books. pp. 97–98. ISBN 978-81-264-1578-6.
- ^ Veluthat, Kesavan (2009). The Early Medieval in South India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 38–39, 180, 186 and 254.
- ^ Gurukkal, Rajan (1984). The Agrarian System and Socio-Political Organisation Under the Early Pandyas c. CE 600–1000 (PhD thesis). Jawaharlal Nehru University. pp. 29–30. hdl:10603/14532.
- ^ Ganesh, K. N. (1987). Agrarian Relations and Political Authority in Medieval Travancore (AD 1300–1750) (PhD thesis). Jawaharlal Nehru University. pp. 22–25. hdl:10603/16385.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).