Back Artritis Afrikaans Artritis AN التهاب المفاصل Arabic ܟܐܒ ܫܪܝܬܐ ARC Artrit Azerbaijani مفصل ایلتیهابی/آرتریت AZB Артрит Bulgarian ဆွတ်ꩻဆွုမ်ႏယော့ꩻ BLK বাত Bengali/Bangla Artritis BS

Arthritis

Not to be confused with Arteritis.
For the journal, see Arthritis (journal).

Arthritis
photograph of elderly hand depicting advanced rheumatoid arthritis
A hand affected by rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune form of arthritis
Pronunciation
SpecialtyRheumatology
SymptomsJoint pain, stiffness, redness, swelling, decreased range of motion[2][3]
ComplicationsAmplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome[4]
Types> 100, most common (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)[3][5]
Risk factorsFamily history, age, sex trait, previous joint injury, obesity.[6]
TreatmentResting, applying ice or heat, weight loss, exercise, joint replacement[5]
MedicationIbuprofen, paracetamol (acetaminophen)[7]

Arthritis is a general medical term used to describe a disorder that affects joints.[2] Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness.[2] Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints.[2][3] In certain types of arthritis, other organs such as the skin are also affected.[5] Onset can be gradual or sudden.[3]

There are several types of arthritis.[2][8][9] The most common forms are osteoarthritis (most commonly seen in weightbearing joints) and rheumatoid arthritis.[2] Osteoarthritis usually occurs as an individual ages and often affects the hips, knees, shoulders, and fingers.[5] Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet.[5] Other types of arthritis include gout, lupus, and septic arthritis.[3][5] These are inflammatory based types of rheumatic disease.[2]

Early treatment for arthritis commonly includes resting the affected joint and conservative measures such as heating or icing.[5] Weight loss and exercise may also be useful to reduce the force across a weightbearing joint.[5] Medication intervention for symptoms depends on the form of arthritis.[5] These may include anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen). With severe cases of arthritis, joint replacement surgery may be necessary.[5]

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis affecting more than 3.8% of people, while rheumatoid arthritis is the second most common affecting about 0.24% of people.[10] In Australia about 15% of people are affected by arthritis,[11] while in the United States more than 20% have a type of arthritis.[3] Overall arthritis becomes more common with age.[2] Arthritis is a common reason people are unable to carry out their work and can result in decreased ability to complete activities of daily living.[2][3] The term arthritis is derived from arthr- (meaning 'joint') and -itis (meaning 'inflammation').[12][13]

  1. ^ "arthritis noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary". www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, US National Institutes of Health. September 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Arthritis". US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 22 March 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  4. ^ "Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS)". Children's Health.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Living With Arthritis: Health Information Basics for You and Your Family". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, US National Institutes of Health. May 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  6. ^ "Arthritis". Mayo Clinic. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  7. ^ "Arthritis pain: Do's and don'ts". Mayo Clinic. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  8. ^ Clegg HB, Jackson L (2013). Eating well to fight arthritis: 200 easy recipes and practical tips to help reduce inflammation and ease symptoms. Favorite Recipes Press. ISBN 978-0-9815640-5-0. OCLC 854909375.
  9. ^ Athanasiou KA, Darling EM, Hu JC, DuRaine GD, Reddi AH (2013). Articular Cartilage. CRC Press. p. 105. ISBN 9781439853252.
  10. ^ March L, Smith EU, Hoy DG, Cross MJ, Sanchez-Riera L, Blyth F, et al. (June 2014). "Burden of disability due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 28 (3): 353–366. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2014.08.002. PMID 25481420.
  11. ^ "National Health Survey". ABS. 8 December 2015. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  12. ^ Waite M, ed. (2012). Paperback Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780199640942. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
  13. ^ Leonard C (2015). Quick & Easy Medical Terminology - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 160. ISBN 9780323370646.
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